Climate change has become a central focus of political and societal concern, ranking as one of the most important global challenges of our time. To meet the objectives of the Paris Agreement, Germany primarily emphasizes the increasing use of renewable energies and an increase in energy efficiency. The German government's ambitious goal is to reach greenhouse gas neutrality by 2045.To achieve this ambitious goal of a climate-neutral building stock by 2045, further investments in energy-efficient refurbishments and renewable energy technologies (and especially renewable heat) are necessary. 

In this context, the main objective of this cumulative dissertation is to find empirical evidence for effects of energy efficiency improvements as well as of different heating technologies on real estate sales prices and rents. In addition, regarding renewable energy technologies beyond the aforementioned heating systems, different drivers for the expansion of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems are investigated.